the more developed markets

1) General subject: mature economies, the more developed markets

2) Military: advanced nations, developed countries, developed nations

3) Ecology: affluent countries

4) International relations: North

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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A farmer's son, at the age of 17 McKay developed modifications to the existing stripper harvester and created a machine that would not only strip the seed from standing corn, but was able to produce a threshed, winnowed and clean sample in one operation. The prototype was produced in 1884 and worked well on the two acres of wheat that had been set aside on the family farm. By arrangement with a Melbourne plough maker, five machines were made and sold for the 1885 season. In 1886 the McKay Harvester Company was formed, with offices at Ballarat, from which the machines, built by various companies, were sold. The business expanded quickly, selling sixty machines in 1888, and eventually rising to the production of nearly 2,000 harvesters in 1905. The name "Sunshine" was given to the harvester, and the "Sun" prefix was to appear on all other implements produced by the company as it diversified its production interests. In 1902 severe drought reduced machinery sales and left 2,000 harvesters unsold. McKay was forced to look to export markets to dispose of his surplus machines. By 1914 a total of 10,000 machines were being exported annually. During the First World War McKay was appointed to the Business Board of the Defence Department. Increases in the scale of production resulted in the company moving to Melbourne, where it was close to the port of entry of raw materials and was able to export the finished article more readily. In 1909 McKay produced one of the first gas-engined harvesters, but its cost prevented it from being more than an experimental prototype. By this time McKay was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the Southern hemisphere, producing a wide range of implements, including binders. In 1916 McKay hired Headlie Taylor, who had developed a machine capable of harvesting fallen crops. The jointly developed machine was a major success, coming as it did in what would otherwise have been a disastrous Australian harvest. Further developments included the "Sun Auto-header" in 1923, the first of the harvesting machines to adopt the "T" configuration to be seen on modern harvesters. The Australian market was expanding fast and a keen rivalry developed between McKay and Massey Harris. Confronted by the tariff regulations with which the Australian Government had protected its indigenous machinery industry since 1906, Massey Harris sold all its Australian assets to the H.V. McKay company in 1930. Twenty-three years later Massey Ferguson acquired the old Sunshine works and was still operating from there in the 1990s.

Despite a long-running history of wage disputes with his workforce, McKay established a retiring fund as well as a self-help fund for distressed cases. Before his death he created a charitable trust and requested that some funds should be made available for the "aerial experiments" which were to lead to the establishment of the Flying Doctor Service.

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1 legal (conforme a ley).

no cumple los requisitos legales it doesn't meet the legal requirements

2 legal (relativo a la ley).

asesoramiento legal legal advice

3 forensic.

medicina legal legal medicine

4 honest, decent (informal) (de confianza). (peninsular Spanish)

es un tío muy legal he's a great guy o bloke (British)

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► adjetivo

1 (gen) legal

2 argot (persona) above-board, upfront

* * *

* * *

1) (=de ley) legal

2) [persona] (=de confianza) trustworthy, truthful, reliable

3) (=sin antecedentes) [archivo] clean *; [persona] clean *, with no police record

4) And (=excelente) great *

* * *

1) (Der)

a) <trámite/documentos> legal

b) (lícito, permitido) lawful

2)

a) (Col, Per arg) ( estupendo) great (colloq)

b) (Esp arg) ( de fiar) cool (sl)

* * *

= legal, legalistic, statutory, lawful, over the counter, licit, legit, kosher, legalised [legalized, -USA].

Ex. University courses in legal information work should take on board the teaching of the new technology.

Ex. Patents abstracting is a special skill, involving not only a technical knowledge, but also a facility for unravelling the special legalistic jargon in which patents abound.

Ex. As we saw earlier, I&R services were not invented by public libraries, but developed as a tool of other statutory and voluntary social work agencies.

Ex. DIALOG has made it lawful for searchers to send copies of search results to their colleagues.

Ex. With minor revision, the design recommendations were appropriate for developing over the counter medicinal leaflets.

Ex. The lines between licit & illicit operations have become blurred, as markets have become globalized.

Ex. What is ironic about the intellectual property law is that it often penalizes the legit consumers more than the pirates it intends to foil.

Ex. Some mammals, such as pigs, have a cloven hoof but are not considered kosher because they do not meet other criteria.

Ex. Even those states who are pushing for legalized sports betting are missing the point when it comes to making a profit through sports betting.

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* acción legal = legal action.

* actuación legal = legal proceedings.

* acuerdo legal = legal settlement.

* asesoramiento legal = legal advice, legal aid.

* asesoría legal = legal advice centre.

* ayuda legal = legal assistance.

* biblioteca de depósito legal = copyright library, depository library.

* condiciones legales de uso = legal boilerplate.

* cuestión legal = legal issue.

* custodia legal = legal guardianship.

* depósito legal = legal deposit.

* derecho legal = legal right.

* documento legal = legal document.

* emprender acciones legales = take + legal proceedings, take + legal action.

* impedimento legal = estoppel.

* jerga legal = legalease.

* laguna legal = loophole.

* marco legal = legal framework.

* medicina legal = legal medicine.

* moneda de curso legal = legal tender.

* norma legal = statutory provision.

* obligación legal = legal obligation.

* plazo legal = statutory term.

* protección legal = legal protection.

* residencia legal = legal residence.

* separación legal = separation from bed and board, a mensa et thoro.

* sistema legal, el = legal system, the.

* tutor legal = legal guardian.

* vacío legal = loophole, legal void.

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1) (Der)

a) <trámite/documentos> legal

b) (lícito, permitido) lawful

2)

a) (Col, Per arg) ( estupendo) great (colloq)

b) (Esp arg) ( de fiar) cool (sl)

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A ( Der)

1 ‹trámite/documentos/requisitos› legal

por la vía legal through legal channels, through the courts

2 (lícito, permitido) lawful

haré lo que me pidas, siempre que sea legal I'll do whatever you ask, as long as it's within the law o it's legal

una manifestación legal a lawful demonstration

3 ( Esp period) ‹terrorista/comando› with no previous convictions, with no criminal record

B ( Esp arg) (de confianza) great ( colloq)

C (Col, Per, AmC arg) (estupendo) great ( colloq), far out ( sl dated)

D ( AmC fam) (justo) fair

ser legal to be fair

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a) ‹trámite/documentos› legal

b) (lícito, permitido) lawful;

◊ lo haré si es legal I'll do it as long as it's within the law

* * *

legal adj

1. [conforme a ley] legal;

su actuación no tiene base legal alguna his actions have no legal basis;

no cumple los requisitos legales it doesn't meet the legal requirements;

una moneda de curso legal a currency which is legal tender

2. [relativo a la ley] legal;

asesoramiento legal legal advice;

una batalla legal a legal battle

3. [forense] forensic;

medicina legal forensic medicine

4. Esp [terrorista, comando] with no criminal record;

detuvieron a tres terroristas legales they arrested three terrorists who had never previously been charged

5. Esp Fam [de confianza] honest, decent;

es un tío muy legal he's a great guy o Br bloke

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1 legal

2 fam

persona great fam, terrific fam

* * *

legal adj

: legal, lawful

♦ legalmente adv

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legal adj legal

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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The son of a Quaker schoolmaster, Ransome served his apprenticeship with a Norfolk iron manufacturer and then went into business on his own in the same town, setting up one of the first brass and iron foundries in East Anglia. At an early stage of his career he was selling into Norfolk and Suffolk, well beyond the boundaries to be expected from a local craftsman. He achieved this through the use of forty-seven agents acting on his behalf. In 1789, with one employee and £200 capital, he transferred to Ipswich, where the company was to remain and where there was easier access to both raw materials and his markets. It was there that he discovered that cooling one part of a metal share during its casting could result in a self-sharpening share, and he patented the process in 1785.

Ransome won a number of awards at the early Bath and West shows, a fact which demonstrates the extent of his markets. In 1808 he patented an all-metal plough made up of interchangeable parts, and the following year was making complete ploughs for sale. With interchangeable parts he was able to make composite ploughs suitable for a wide variety of conditions and therefore with potential markets all over the country.

In 1815 he was joined by his son James, and at about the same time by William Cubitt. With the expertise of the latter the firm moved into bridge building and millwrighting, and was therefore able to withstand the agricultural depression which began to affect other manufacturers from about 1815. In 1818, under Cubitt's direction, Ransome built the gas-supply system for the town of Ipswich. In 1830 his grandson James Ransome joined the firm, and it was under his influence that the agricultural side was developed. There was a great expansion in the business after 1835.

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